Monday, August 24, 2020

Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin is the man who shaped our perspective about current development. He proposed and clarified the hypothesis of common choice and the hypothesis of natural selection. So as to completely comprehend the contemporary developmental hypothesis, we should completely comprehend Charles Darwin's initial hypothesis. In this article, I will clarify the total foundation of Charles Darwin to the peruser, disclose his journey to HMS Beagle, and talk about his hypothesis of common determination. Charles Robert Darwin, originator of Evolution, was conceived in the English field on February 12, 1809. Charles Darwin was conceived on February 12, 1809. Charles Darwin was battling at school as a kid. In 1825 Charles turned into a fortunate individual and went to the clinical office. Darwin is a British researcher who manufactured the establishment of advancement and changed our perspective on the normal world. Charles Darwin is a disclosure of transformative science hypothesis. Charles Darwin is hitched to his cousin Emma Darwin for a long time. - until now, Charles Darwin has reformed the science that advanced society knows well. He is liable for the development that individuals are as yet encountering today. Conceived in England on February 12, 1809, he turned into the fifth offspring of Dr. Robert and the Susanna Darwin family. He has three sisters and one sibling. As his dad prevailing as a specialist and his mom had a place with the Wedgwood family, the Darwin family is viewed as well off. Charles Darwin was conceived in Shrewsbury, England. Charles Darwin's granddad is a naturalist, a thinker, and a specialist Erasmus Darwin, and he has distributed four volumes of his articles, remembering his perspectives for species advancement. Charles Darwin's dad is additionally a specialist and I trust his child will acquire the family's convention. At sixteen years old, Darwin was sent to the University of Edinburgh to contemplate medication. Darwin is progressively inspired by his zoology and topography courses. In the long run, his dad removed him from Edinburgh and sent him to Cambridge to contemplate religious philosophy. Charles Darwin Charles Darwin is the man who shaped our perspective about current development. He proposed and clarified the hypothesis of normal determination and the hypothesis of natural selection. So as to completely comprehend the contemporary developmental hypothesis, we should completely comprehend Charles Darwin's initial hypothesis. In this article, I will clarify the total foundation of Charles Darwin to the peruser, disclose his journey to HMS Beagle, and talk about his hypothesis of normal determination. Charles Robert Darwin, organizer of Evolution, was conceived in the English field on February 12, 1809. Charles Darwin was conceived on February 12, 1809. Charles Darwin was battling at school as a kid. In 1825 Charles turned into a fortunate individual and went to the clinical division. Darwin is a British researcher who assembled the establishment of advancement and changed our perspective on the regular world. Charles Darwin is a revelation of transformative science hypothesis. Charles Darwin is hitched to his cousin Emma Darwin for a long time. - until this point, Charles Darwin has upset the science that cutting edge society knows well. He is liable for the advancement that individuals are as yet encountering today. Conceived in England on February 12, 1809, he turned into the fifth offspring of Dr. Robert and the Susanna Darwin family. He has three sisters and one sibling. As his dad prevailing as a specialist and his mom had a place with the Wedgwood family, the Darwin family is viewed as rich. Charles Darwin was conceived in Shrewsbury, England. Charles Darwin's granddad is a naturalist, a scholar, and a specialist Erasmus Darwin, and he has distributed four volumes of his articles, remembering his perspectives for species improvement. Charles Darwin's dad is likewise a specialist and I trust his child will acquire the family's convention. At sixteen years old, Darwin was sent to the University of Edinburgh to examine medication. Darwin is increasingly keen on his zoology and topography courses. In the long run, his dad removed him from Edinburgh and sent him to Cambridge to contemplate religious philosophy.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Teen Pregnancy Essay -- Teenage Mothers

     In the US, youngster pregnancy rates have been diminishing in the most recent decade despite the fact that present rates remain twice as high as those found in other industrialized countries (Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1994). Disregarding diminishing rates, among African American young people, the pregnancy rate is especially high. In 1996, the pregnancy rate was 178.9 per thousand among African-American females matured 15 to 19 years, contrasted and a pregnancy pace of 82.6 among whites (Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1999). Furthermore, based on the discoveries of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, it was resolved that African American females (48%) matured 15 to 17 were almost certain than their white (34%) partners to have had sex since menarche. Based on data give by the National Center to Health Statistics (1997), African-American females matured 15 to 19 were more probable than their white friends to have had their first se xual experience (i.e., intercourse) without utilizing successful contraception (24% versus 14%, individually). Therefore, based on such hazardous conduct, African American young people are at more serious hazard than their white companions for encountering a pregnancy. pregnant, particularly on the off chance that it was with the infant's dad. A finished up by Harris, the greater part of the moms accepted that sex was a conduct they were going to keep on taking part in, paying little mind to danger of ailment or pregnancy. When contrasted with the youthful dads taking part in the investigation, Harris detailed that the majority of the dads demonstrated that they were presently captivating in secured sex.      Environmental Influences      As many have recommended, while commitment in unprotected sex at an early age places youths in danger for pregnancy, there are various different variables that impact African American teenager pregnancy rates. As per Dervarics (2004), African American youngster moms and fathers are regularly spoken to among the rising number of minority "disconnected" youth in the US. This gathering is involved teenagers ages 16 to 19 who are both out of school and unemployed. Dervarics revealed that about A fourth of African Americans ages 18 to 19 falls into the detached class. As a result of being detached, as clarified by the creator, African Amer... ...with destitution. It is these issues that consideration must be guided towards so as to lessen youngster pregnancy rates. References Alan Guttmacher Institute. (1994). Sex and America's youngsters. NY: The Alan      Guttmacher Institute. Alan Guttmacher Institute. (1999). Young pregnancy: Overall patterns and state-by-state      information. NY: The Alan Guttmacher Institute. Dervarics, C. (2005). Minorities overrepresented among America's 'disengaged' youth.      Population Reference Bureau. Discovered online at:      http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=PRB&template=/ContentManagement     /ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=11335 Lardner, J. (2005). Arline Geronimus on youngster parenthood. Inequality.Org. Discovered online      at: http://www.inequality.org/teenparenthood.html National Center for Health Statistics. (1997). Richness, family arranging, and ladies'      health: New information from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Hyattsville,      MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

Monday, July 20, 2020

Fight or Flight Theory of Panic Disorder

Fight or Flight Theory of Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Symptoms Print Fight or Flight Theory of Panic Disorder By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 09, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 09, 2019  Ayse Mardinly / EyeEm / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Purpose Fight or Flight Response When the Response Is Triggered How Fear Is Reinforced Treatment View All Back To Top The  fight or flight response is a physiological response to a stimulus which our bodies consider dangerous or life-threatening. This responseâ€"also called the acute stress responseâ€"is familiar to most people as the intense feeling of anxiety, shaking, and fear that can occur when our bodies prepare for a possible emergency. First described in the 1920s, the fight or flight response is the first part of the involuntary general adaptation syndrome, In the fight or flight response, stimuli result in stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. The  sympathetic nervous system then sends a message to the adrenal glands which result in the release of the stress hormones,  epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and cortisol, among others. These hormones, in turn, lead to the symptoms associated with the response.?? The counterpart to the flight or flight response is the relaxation response in which the body goes back to normal. The recovery period between a fight or flight response and normalization of body functions is variable but often occurs between 20 and 60 minutes following stimulation if the perceived threat disappears. Purpose The fight-or-flight response is a stress reaction that likely evolved out of the survival needs of our early ancestors living with the daily dangers of the time. To demonstrate, imagine you’re a prehistoric cave dweller relaxing one evening and enjoying the daily catch. Suddenly, a large and hungry saber-toothed tiger appears on your doorstep. To him, you look like a tasty morsel on the food chain. But, human design kicks in with a surge of strength and energy, increasing your chances of surviving this encounter. Fight or Flight Response With Panic Disorder Some theorists believe that this old stress reaction is seen in the common fears associated with modern day panic disorder, specifically, in the fear of large open spaces or being in situations without an easy escape route. In the dangerous world of our ancestors, crossing a large open field leaves one vulnerable to attack. The same can be said for being cornered without any means of escape.?? What Happens When the Response Is Triggered Researchers have identified numerous physiological changes that occur during the flight-or-flight stress response. As noted above, these changes are believed to be triggered by the sympathetic nervous system through the release of stress hormones into the bloodstream.?? This release causes immediate physical reactions in preparation of the muscular activity needed to fight or flee the threat. Some of the changes during this process include: Increased heart rateRapid breathingConstriction of blood vessels to some parts of the body and dilation of blood vessels to the muscles (increased blood flow to tissues necessary for escaping, such as skeletal muscles and decreased blood flow to tissues not necessary for escaping, such as the smooth muscles  associated with digestion)Dilation of pupilsAuditory exclusion (hearing loss)Tunnel vision (loss of peripheral vision in order to fully focus on the danger at hand)Sweating (to cool your body in response to the heat generated as your body gets ready to contend with a predator) These physical changes occur rapidly and automatically. If one were experiencing a life-threatening event, they would be expected. But, when they occur while picking up a few groceries for dinner or sitting in a meeting at work, they can be quite frightening. Since much of the stress in our current day society is psychosocial stress, this prehistoric response which once was necessary for survival could even be detrimental. How Fear Is Reinforced When There Is No Danger During a panic attack, the body’s alarm system is triggered without the presence of any danger. It is the absence of identifiable danger that actually intensifies the fear associated with panic attacks. If there is an identifiable danger, we understand the symptoms. We can then fear the danger, not the symptoms. However, if there is no danger and someone experiences sweating and changes in heart rate, breathing, vision, and hearing, it would seem logical to fear the symptoms, even believing they are life-threatening. Physically, your body is telling you to get ready, you are in grave danger. But how do you prepare psychologically for certain danger that is unseen? It may be that you assign the symptoms mistaken meaning.  It may be that you immediately flee the situation as if it were dangerous. But, these thoughts and actions don’t get you out of danger. They only reinforce and strengthen the association of a fear that is not based on an actual threat. Treatment Since the fight or flight response underlies many of the symptoms common with panic disorder, researchers have investigated ways of taming this response. Since the flight or flight response isnt under conscious control, but rather an involuntary reaction it doesnt work to just say Im not stressed. The treatment for panic disorder most often includes several modalities including both medications and cognitive behavioral therapy.?? One method of treating the disorder called  desensitization takes into account the fight or flight response. In this method, people with panic disorder are gradually exposed to anxiety-causing stimuli while learning to control their anxiety and panic simultaneously.?? Breathing exercises and other stress reducers can be helpful to help calm the body after the initial fight or flight reaction has occurred. Since many people, even those without panic disorder, cope with a level of stress that could be detrimental rather than helpful to the body (unlike eustress), taking a moment to check out ?stress management techniques may be just what the doctor ordered. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Thursday, May 21, 2020

The Globalization of Food Culture - 1483 Words

The Globalization of Food Culture The term â€Å"food culture† describes the entire cultural landscape of nutrition; everything that has anything to do with the way we eat, what we eat and where we eat. What we seldom realize are all the aspects food influences or is influenced by: â€Å"Food is used to: 1. Satisfy hunger and nourish the body. 2. Initiate and maintain personal and business relationships. 3. Demonstrate the nature and extent of relationships. 4. Provide a focus for communal activities. 5. Express love and caring. 6. Express individuality. 7. Proclaim the separateness of a group. 8. Demonstrate belongingness to a group. 9. Cope with psychological or emotional stress. 10. Reward or punish. 11. Signify social status. 12. Bolster†¦show more content†¦Growing population, climate problems or – the most likely of all reasons according to â€Å"Globalization and Diversity† – political reasons are the reasons for food shortages and famines (Rowntree, 47). While the meat consumption in the United States and other rich countries is growing, two thirds of the world population consume a vegetarian or near vegetarian diet, as meat is too expensive for a majority of the population. The increasing demand for meat does not have only have health related consequences, but is also cause for environmental concerns (47). The meat consumption in the US contributes as much to the green house gas problem as the transportation segment – a whopping 18 percent! This is not only the case within the United States, but also, for example, the Brazilian Amazon, where the rain forest had to give way to create pastureland for cattle (85). The glo balization of food culture does not improve that situation, because the demand for meat and other food availability increases and the supply chain is working hard to fulfill those requests. Many of the big brand name food corporations are based in the United States. The distribution of their products has three consequences: First, the product portfolio in specific reasons is being increased. Second,Show MoreRelatedEffects of Globalization Towards Our Culture721 Words   |  3 PagesHow does Globalization Affect Cultural traditions? Globalization is very synonym to us since the past few years. It can be defined as process by which regional economies, societies and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation and trade. Globalization also has made a vast change in every angle of humans life and one of it is, our cultural tradition could be affected due to globalization process. Culture is what people eat, how they dress , beliefsRead MoreGlobalization And Cultural Change : Globalization930 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization Cultural Change Globalization refers the movement toward globally similar social attitudes, linguistic, global trades, through increased connectedness among countries and individuals worldwide. This globalization allows citizens to discover and explore other cultures. As globalization occurs, local cultures need to take an active role. With actively engaged local cultures, globalization can be a win-win situation in both world and local cultures and can lead citizens throughout theRead MoreGlobalization Of The American Style Fast Food900 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is one of the most popular issues that have been discussed through the world by the sociologist for decades.(James A. D, Dick. P, Yongseok Seo 2006) According to John Tomlinson’s (Tomlinson 2006) cognition of globalization. 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However, the critics of globalization claim it made our world worse than ever before in the history, diminishingRead MoreCultural Globalization: The Emergence of the Americanized World 685 Words   |  3 PagesAnnan once said, â€Å"Arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity†. Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon in human history that brings about greater interconnectivity and int egration of people worldwide. Over the past few decades, the pace of global integration has accelerated quickly and dramatically due to unprecedented advancements in technology, communications, science, transport and industry (The World Bank, 2013). Globalization affects economical, cultural, technologicalRead MoreGloalization and Its Effect on Non- Western Cultures758 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is globalization and what affect does this have on Non-Western cultures? Merrim-Websters dictionary defines globalization as, â€Å"the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets†. When identifying the pieces of globalization, outsourcing may be the first thing that comes to mind. However, globalization and modernization are larger than outsourcing alone. In this paper we willRead MoreEssay on GLT task1887 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is globalization? Globalization , â€Å"refers to processes of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture† (Merriam-Webster, 2014). Since the 1980’s the impact of globalization has been on the rise. Western cultures are bringing about new ways of culture while indigenous people are modifying their traditional ways to western civilization. I will be discussing two non-western cultures and the effects of globalization. TheRead MoreCelebrating Cultural Diversity831 Words   |  4 Pagesvery important to understand the terms â€Å"globalization† and â€Å"culture†. Globalization is a process which involves changes in the natural human life. In other words we may call it as changes in the culture of that particular human being or any other particular group. Culture of a group or particular person mainly tells about the life of people or person, living traditions, historical values, religious matters in that part icular social system. So we could say culture is a subsystem with in a lager socialRead MoreGlobalization Is The Key Of Success For All Countries1183 Words   |  5 Pages1. Synopsis Globalization has no borders and boundaries across the world due to exchange of knowledge, thoughts, trade and information. This report will examine the definition of globalization, advantages and disadvantages of globalization and the popularity of globalization. Some strong evidences gathered by the primary and secondary data. Some content is based on my personal knowledge. Table of content 2. Introduction Nowadays, globalization plays the vital role all around the world. ThereRead MoreHow Does Globalization Affect Cultural Traditions in the Arabic Communities?923 Words   |  4 Pagesphenomena of globalization is having effects on Arab cultural traditions in Arab communities in many ways, like in language, education, media and customs. Globalization is making the world becoming a global village and the result is Arab communities cultural traditions are changing and are threaten to be lost . Globalization is not easy to define, but we can say it is process of integrating the worlds economies, trade, business and communications together. The problem is the culture that is dominate

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Jazz The Emergence Of Jazz - 1301 Words

Jazz: the Emergence Jazz is a form of music that originated in the United States during the early 1900s. It was a form of music that influenced generations, started the music careers of many great musicians, and its ties are in the melting pot of New Orleans. Jazz has a variety of styles to listen to and also has many diverse musicians to experience these diverse sounds from. Jazz is a great form of music. Its different styles and musicians give it diversity, while strengthening ties to the African American community. It grew out several different forms of music in the melting pot of the United States known as New Orleans, in the 1800s, where African American, European, Americans, French, Spanish, English and Native Americans mingled and mixed (American Jazz). The culture of the city absorbed elements from each of these groups, and is immediately obvious is music. The musicians of the city shared their musical styles and played together (Matthews, Andrew). The music styles they share d formed one of the earliest styles of jazz. The roots of it are in the cities where Jazz was a big influence on the cities: New Orleans, Chicago, New York, Kansas City, Los Angeles, and Detroit. At various times in history they have been incubators for jazz. Jazz was not created overnight (Jazz Makers pg. 9). The elements that grew together to form the new style of music were present in more than one region of the United States for several years before they coalesced into a recognizable newShow MoreRelatedThe Ragtime And The Blues1184 Words   |  5 Pagesthe blues were essential and influential in their contributions to the development of jazz. Together, they served as the primary predecessors to the later, more complicated genre. Key elements from each brand are incorporated and mixed to create jazz. Without the creative geniuses of ragtime such as Scott Jopin and James Reese Europe and Blues propagators W.C. Hady and Robert Johnson, the distinctive genre of jazz would not have emerged. Ragtime and blues are both unique in their respective stylesRead MoreMusic, Blues And Ragtime1337 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Jazz is the first true art form to come from the soil of America†, Winton Marsalis made this claim in the film Jazz by Ken Burns. Jazz would be born here in America after the fall of slavery. The interactions between previously enslaved peoples and the rest of society gave the breeding ground for a mixture of cultures and music styles. The city which was most clearly known for the mixing of cultures after the Civil war was New Orleans. 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The trajectory of jazz history is complex and rich, flowing from style to style and from regionRead MoreThe Beginning of Jazz and the Effects Early Jazz Had in the 1920s860 Words   |  4 PagesJazz could be what describes America to a â€Å"T† in the 1920s. It was very popular throughout the entire decade of the 1920s. This era was called â€Å"The Jazz Age†, which was a term coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald (Campbell 52). It not only affected music, but it also contributed to an entire cultural renaissance in Harlem, brought other cultural groups together in a time of segregation, and the lifestyle of many Americans throughout the 1920s. Jazz would be the mold for everything American in the 1920sRead More Ragtime Essay examples850 Words   |  4 Pages Ragtime was a very influential part of the development of jazz. Ragtime became very popular in the late 1800’s. Ragtime’s distinct style set it apart from the other genres. Syncopation is what defines this art form. This is when the loud accents fall in between the beats. Anything that is syncopated is basically ragtime. One of the most important ragtime composers was Scott Joplin. Like all great artists, Joplin did not restrict himself to this favored art form. Both before the advent of ragtimeRead MoreThe Spread of Jazz and the Effects on Society1288 Words   |  6 Pagesovert racism dominated the minstrel show even as it provided employment oppo rtunities for black performers; revisionist histories abound, especially in the development of jazz music, as the invaluable contributions of the black artists preceding the jazz movement often had their story rewritten to assert the development of jazz music by white artists instead. Despite these challenges, the growth and spread of music in this era was ultimately a positive influence on black culture. In addition toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Song Crazy Blues 1172 Words   |  5 Pagesversion was hardly successful, Mamie Smith’s version was paramount in exposing the recording industry to African Americans and their various types of music.4 â€Å"Crazy Blues† sparked the creation of a business centered on African American culture allowing jazz, blues and black pop music to flourish. As the very first blues record ever issued, this song has been recognized as a landmark and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1994.3 Both Noble Sissle and Mamie Smith had incredible impacts on theRead MoreLangston Hughes : Jazz Poetry And Harlem Renaissance1212 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes Jazz Poetry and Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes was an African American poet who was born on 01 February 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents separated and later divorced during his childhood. Subsequently he was raised predominantly by his maternal grandmother. His grandparents were politically active and supporters of the abolition of slavery. They were activists in the movement for voting rights for African Americans. Through their active involvement in his upbringing

Walking and Word Swag Free Essays

Got Swag? 1. What is â€Å"swag†? Being a commonly used word in the 21st century, â€Å"swag† has arisen from song lyrics and populated through postages on popular online websites such as â€Å"Facebook†, â€Å"Twitter†, and â€Å"Tumblr†. It has stemmed from the word â€Å"swagger†, which is a noun that means a very confident and typically arrogant or aggressive manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Walking and Word Swag or any similar topic only for you Order Now This manifestation of the word â€Å"swag† has caused most teenagers to use this term to define themselves. Swag is utilized as a noun to describe a person’s mannerisms as â€Å"cool† when compared to the ordinary layperson. In the contemporary society, a key judgment of one’s character is whether their actions contain swag or not. Swag can be defined either negatively or positively through judgment of everyday actions such as walking, talking, and self-appearance. 2. As aforementioned, the way a person walks or talks may show whether they have swag or not. Someone who would be considered to have swag would walk in a confident and self-assured manner. Key characteristics of such a person’s walking habits are having a straight posture, meticulous foot placing, and a subtle arm sway. In addition to walking habits, smooth-talking teenagers are believed to show swag by the way they speak. For example, a guy can smooth-talk and flirt with a girl to persuade her on a date with him. On the other hand, a girl can talk with swag by conveying a more confident tone. She can assertively talk about her unique qualities (e. g. her curvy body) as a sign of swag. Aside from being able to â€Å"walk the walk† and â€Å"talk the talk†, having a unique fashion sense also differentiates the layperson from one who has swag. 3. The appearance, grooming, and outfits of people may or may not indicate that they have swag. Regarding clothes, swag is gauged by one’s sense of style. The median used for this gauge is the dressing habits of many celebrities in the music industry. For instance, outfits like adjustable snapback hats, Jordan sneakers, varsity leather jackets, or sweatshirts by the label Obey are types of swag clothing. Celebrities such as rappers, Soulja Boy, Tyga, and as well as singer, Justin Bieber, wear swag type of clothing. The iconic status of celebrities influences people to dress like them. Conversely, there are many people who see the style swag in a negative manner. People such as myself do not like to dress that certain style and would rather dress in a more formal style. For example, my style of clothes would be considered GQ or Gentlemen Quality-like, which comes from a fashion magazine style regarding formal clothes. My GQ style is different from the swag style because it consists of classy clothes such as polo shirts, button downs, ties, and suits. The style dichotomy between GQ and swag shows how different types of people can have opposing opinions on the use of the word swag. 4. My opinion of the word is in a negative connotation but others use the word as a compliment. Teenagers use swag in their everyday lives to describe their activities. For examples some teenagers consider swag as sexual activity, buying the newest swag style clothes or doing what they believe is â€Å"cool†. Everyone has different opinions of what action is considered â€Å"cool† or not. As a result, many people have the opinion that swag is an unprofessional word with unnecessary and meaningless content. The different views of the word show two different opinions. 5. A personal story involving the word swag involved one of my achievements on the dance floor of a party. My friend George and I were always partying on the weekends and were invited to a private high school party. On the night of the party, I got the chance to dance with one of the best looking girls there. As I was dancing, I saw George point at me and heard him say, â€Å"Now that is swag† to another girl standing next to him. George was indicating that I had swag because I was dancing with a beautiful girl. After my dance, I told him to not label anything I do as swag. The reason why I said this stems from my non-conforming personality. I told him that I view swag has a negative description and would prefer not to change my opinions about it. . The slang word swag is common in this new generation. Therefore, the use of the word is more popular among teenagers. Having swag or what is considered to be swag is simply a word for people to describe what they believe to be as â€Å"cool†. As portrayed in the narrative, telling a person they have swag may even be taken offensi vely; especially if that individual does not believe in the society – defined definition of the word. Conclusively, the different aspects of walking, talking, and style can be gauged as a negative or positive outlook on swag based on one’s personal opinions. How to cite Walking and Word Swag, Essay examples

Sunday, April 26, 2020

Intergration of Traditional and Digital Marketing free essay sample

Introduction Integrated Marketing is where all forms of marketing channels and communications are carefully linked together to reinforce a single coherent message. Integrated marketing programs incorporate an appropriate and customised combination of on-line and traditional marketing elements that can include: †¢Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) The use of keywords that increases ranking in the google listings according to relevance of the words used in the search engine. †¢Search Engine Marketing (SEM) The maximizing of exposure through Pay Per Click impressions. Social Media Marketing The use of social network platforms †¢Email Marketing Campaigns Mainly used to inform existing customers of new products and services. †¢Radio Advertising Used in the traditional marketing strategies however a medium that can be a very powerful tool of integrating the two marketing traditions †¢Television Advertising Placing commercials during specific times of the day or durin g programs views aimed at a specific target audience can be very effective means of lead generation †¢Bill Board Advertising A effective medium for supplementing a well established online marketing program †¢Newspaper Advertising Effective medium for attracting a wide audience as Television . We will write a custom essay sample on Intergration of Traditional and Digital Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Traditional and digital methods are never as effective separately as they are when fully integrated with one and other. However developing sustainable integrated solutions and successfully executing them ar part of a comprehensive strategy requires foresight and planning. An example of traditional and online marketing strategies powerful interaction was from the Educational Building Society, (EBS) , campaigne â€Å"Mortgage Information Evening†. EBSâ€Å"Mortagage Information Evening† Traditional and Digital Integration. EBS developed a marketing strategy informing potential home owners of an open evening for mortgage advice. The major concept to this strategy is the use of an open evening giving expert advice in order to capture a existing customer base of those interested in buying their own home. The traditional strategies used to inform customers of this open evening were: newspaper, local radio and bill boards and the digital marketing strategies were SEO,Quick Response code, scan, (QR), Blogs, and Cookies. The apparent goal of this marketing strategy was to direct their audience from the traditional arena to the digital market and this was done through the process of the potential customer having to registering in order to attend the information evening. Looking at each medium used individually this can be clearly illustrated: Newspaper Media A newspaper advertisement is an extremely effective means of reaching and attracting a wide audience. The main drawback to this type of medium is competition of the news, other advertisements and location of the advert in the paper. To overcome this obstacle a newspaper advertisement should contain a high visual and headline with a call to action. The EBS advertisement was structured accordingly where they had four full page insertions at the front of the Metro Herald. The front page had a large visual and head line with sub head lines on the other three pages. The integration from traditional to digital took place at the call to action where the customer was directed to their web site via e-mail, or by scanning a Quick Response code, (QR), with a mobile phone which again, brought the viewer to the EBS web site. Local Radio The key aspect of radio media is that it is reliant on only one of the senses and that is hearing. It is on this basis radio has been classified as the â€Å"theatre of the mind† as it generates the imaginaton of the listener. EBS generated a raidio advertisment with a male voice over in a conversation with a female voice over about getting a mortagage. It gave the impression that the listener was listening in on the conversation. The intergration from traditional to digital occured through a third male voice over calling to action by giving the EBS website to attendi the open information evening. Bill Board Bill Boards can be an effective method of highlighting a companys visibility and Brand awarness. It is most effective to sustain a established online marketing program as in the case of the EBS. The intergration occured where the call to action was to direct the audience to the website. Information Evening. The information evening was it self a traditional strategy where EBS inviting those interested in taking out a mortgage to attend for expert advice. This was not only to capture a existing customer base but as the potential customer had to register on line, the intergration from traditional to digital took place as they had to give their Email address and asked if this could be used for further promotions. Thus it allowed EBS to update or create a data base for those promotions. It has been clearly illustrated how EBS used the traditional marketing programs to direct their audience online. However in order to expand their audience further EBS also used a number of digital strategies which were: Search Engine Optimisation. Although EBS used traditional marketing strategies to send their audience directly on to their web page, when â€Å"mortgage information evening† is placed in a search engine, EBS was ranked second as they use keywords that were highly relevant to that search. Use of Blogs on Social Media Platforms and Third Party Sites A Blog short for â€Å"Web Log† refers to a list of journal entrires posted on a web page. The main advantage of hosting these web logs are their interactive feature where a web visitor gets the chance of two way communication. In the EBS campaign, the interactive features not only illustrated feedback on the â€Å"Information Evening† its self, but it also gave details on the consumers attitudes and behaviours towards Mortgage products in areas such â€Å"property tax† and â€Å"negative equity†. The blog also gave feedback concerning the venue and location was taking place. The fact that the EBS hosted these blogs on third party sites such as myhome. ie and 4. pm. ie makes it possible for the hosted websites to improve ther page ranking that leads to maxium online exposure. Quick Response Code (QR Code) QR codes are similar to the standard bar codes that currently appear on all types of cunsumer products. QR codes contain much more informaton than traditional barcodes. A QR code works by scanning the code with a mobile device that is equipped with a camera and a QR reader application. Once the QR code is scanned, it is translated into actionable information which directs the users to a text message. EBS placed the QR code in a newspapers advertisement, once scanned it directed the user to the registration page of the information evening, where they filled in the registration form to attend. This intergation between print and web via QR Codes adds a new dimension of communication to an marketing strategy. Digital Signatures/Cookies. A cookie is a piece of information in the form of small text that is placed on an internets users hard drive. Cookies can have different functions; a) They make interaction between user and website faster and easier. b) Without cookies it would be difficult for a website to allow a vistor to fill up a shopping cart or remember the users registration details. In the context of using cookies for online marketing they have the ability to collect demographic information. They also enable websites to monitor their users web activities and profile them for marketing purposes (for example, to find out which products or services they are interested in and send them targetted advertisment). EBS does have a pop up menu for cookie compliance which asks ther vistor to accept their cookie. However, the purpose may be for online marketing strategies but the website does not inform the user the purpose of the cookie. Conclusion. What the EBS mortgage information evening campaign shows is that traditional marketing is more of an extension of online marketing strategies, rather than a strategy in itself. The goal of traditional marketing now is to engage the consumer offline and then connect and convert them online. However, what the EBS marketing strategy does demonstrate is that in order that traditional to be effective with online marketing it is necessary that a) a meaningful marketing message should be the first step in any campaign. This message should contain the purpose of the marketing strategy. How will it benefit the reader? What action do you want the reader to take? b) Who is the audience? Once you have determined what you are saying it is now necessary to know who you are speaking to. It is beneficial to be specific and being focused on those people who will get the most benefit from what you are offering. c) Where is your audience? Once you know who your audience is you need to determine the best way to get your message to them. Are they using Google search, are they reading newspapers online or off, Do they read newspapers or blogs. Do they listen to radio or iPods. Do they gossip with friends at the pub or on Facebook. The EBS campaign has shown that once the marketing message has a clear purpose the audience required can be reached with a good integration of traditional and online methods.

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

The Anatomy Of Corn

The Anatomy Of Corn If you are reading this, corn has touched your life in some way. We eat corn, animals eat corn, cars eat corn (well, it can be used as a biofuel), and we even can eat corn out of a container made from corn (think: bioplastics). It is projected that the U.S. corn yield will reach over 14 billion bushels. However, what do you know about the corn plant itself? Did you, for example, know that corn is a grass and not a vegetable? The Seed: The Beginnings Of The Corn Plant Look at a corn cob - you will see the seeds! The kernels that you eat can also be used as the seed source to start new plants. Dont worry; the corn kernels that you eat wont grow in your stomach. Specific corn plants are set aside to provide seed. Corn Growth Stages The corn plants growth stages are broken down into vegetative and reproductive stages. The vegetative growth stages are VE (emergence of the plant), V1 (first fully expanded leaf), V2 (second fully expanded leaf), etc. up to however many leaves appear. The last stage is called VT, referring to when the tassel fully emerges.The reproductive stages are noted as R1 through R6. R1 refers to when the corn silks are first visible outside the husks and pollination occurs. (This process will be explained more fully later in the article.) During the other stages, the kernels are developing. At the final (R6) stage, the kernels have reached their maximum dry weight. Seedlings are dependent on kernel reserves up until about the V3 leaf stage when they become dependent on the roots to take up nutrients. Corn Roots Corn plants are unusual in that they have two distinct sets of roots: regular roots, called seminal roots; and nodal roots, which are above the seminal roots and develop from the plant nodes. The seminal root system includes the plants radicle (the first root emerging from the seed). These roots are responsible for taking up water and nutrients, and for anchoring the plant.The second root system, the nodal roots, is formed about an inch or so below the soil surface, but above the seminal roots. The nodal roots are formed at the base of the coleoptile, which is the primary stem that emerges from the ground. The nodal roots are visible by the V2 stage of development. The seminal roots are important to the survival of the seedling, and damage can delay emergence and stunt development. This is because the corn plant depends on the nutrients present in the seed until the nodal roots are developed. As soon as the coleoptile emerges from the soil, the seminal roots cease to grow. Nodal roots that form above the ground are called brace roots, but they function similarly to the nodal roots below the ground. Sometimes brace roots actually penetrate the soil and take up water and nutrients. These roots may be needed for water uptake in some cases, as the crown of a young corn plant is only about 3/4 below the soil surface! Therefore, corn can be vulnerable to dry soil conditions as they dont have a deep root system. Corn Stalk And Leaves Corn grows on a single stem called a stalk. Stalks can grow up to ten feet tall. The plants leaves emerge from the stalk. A single corn stalk can hold between 16 and 22 leaves. The leaves wrap around the stalk, rather than having a stem. The part of the leaf that wraps around the stem is called the node. Corn Reproductive Structures: The Tassel, Flowers, and Ears The tassel and the corn ears are responsible for reproduction and formation of the corn kernels. The tassel is the male part of the plant, which emerges from the top of the plant after all of the leaves have developed. Many male flowers are on the tassel. The male flowers release pollen grains which contain the male reproductive cells. The female flowers develop into the corns ears, which contain the kernels. The ears contain the female eggs, which sit on the corn cob. Silks - long strands of silky material - grow from each egg and emerge from the top of the ear. Pollination occurs when pollen is carried from the tassels to the exposed silks on the ear of corn, which is the female flower on the plant. The male reproductive cell goes down to the female egg contained within the ear and fertilizes it. Each strand of fertilized silk develops into a kernel. The kernels are arranged on the cob in 16 rows. Each ear of corn averages about 800 kernels. And, as you learned in the first section of this article, each kernel can potentially become a new plant!

Monday, March 2, 2020

Overwhelmed Heres a Great Way to Take Control of Your Job Search

Overwhelmed Heres a Great Way to Take Control of Your Job Search I have a confession to make: I am not naturally an organized person. If left to my own devices, I generally do whatever comes into my head to do at the moment. I am easily sidetracked and have a tendency to think I can do everything without regard to priorities. Sound familiar? If so, and if you are a job seeker, you might be experiencing some overwhelm as you conduct your search. Thankfully, there are tools available that can help. To tackle my lack of focus, for example, I have chosen to participate in a business coaching group where I am forced to create priorities and follow them- at least to some extent! You might benefit from some prioritization tools as well. Let’s say you decide to research companies you might want to work for. First, you’ll read my blog from last week, Top 5 Web Sites for Your Job Search Over the Holidays, and start listing companies that interest you. What’s next? The answer is not Apply to all the jobs and accept the first one that will take me. The answer isn’t even, Do extensive research on the 50 companies on my list. Instead, take some time to prioritize. First, make a list of your top 20-30 companies based on your research. Then get clear about what’s important to you so you can gather further information on the companies that best meet your requirements. Factors to consider: Job Function/Title Industry Commute Salary Benefits Opportunity for Growth Travel Company Reputation Size of Company Products I Resonate With Pick 5-6 of these items that are most important to you and score each of the companies in your list from 1-5 (1 = bad/low, 5 = good/high) on how they match up on each factor. You can make a simple chart to do this: Â   Factor #1 Factor #2 Factor #3 Factor #4 Factor #5 Factor #6 Total Company #1 Company #2 Company #3 Company #4 Look at the total scores and rank the companies from highest to lowest. Then start your information gathering, such as finding contact people at the organizations, with the highest-scoring companies. Concentrate on finding the hiring managers at those top companies and start to discover what challenges the companies are facing and how you can add value. Once you know your first choice, second choice, third choice, etc. you will be in a much stronger position as you approach the companies. You will know what you want so you can focus on that, rather than let the job market dictate your search. And you will reduce overwhelm by taking things one step at a time in a clear, organized way. Do you have methods you use to stay focused in your job search? Please share in the comments! Category:Job SearchBy Brenda BernsteinJanuary 27, 2014

Saturday, February 15, 2020

Marketing Management Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Management Master - Assignment Example Secondly, the customers might not be as knowledgeable as the ones who were there for the larger boats. This means that the company has to educate the buyers on how to use their boats in addition to giving them appropriate maintenance and handling tips. All this would mean that the company has to handle the entire marketing setup in a different way compared what they were doing earlier. 1. Products that are made by the company are positioned as a niche product. This positioning has to be altered in order to ensure that the company does not lose out on their turnover. The company has to cultivate and build relationship with buyers of the smaller boats. 2. On analysing the pricing position of the product, it is clear that the company might have to sell larger numbers to reach the same turnover that they were doing earlier. This can be realised only if the company decides to sell these boats through a distributor network. 4. The company has to have a clear public communication program that would enable the company to reach the buyers and the targeted clients. This promotion is required in order to ensure that the product gains on the market. This overall strategy will be strengthened by the positive aspects that are already present with the company. These are typically, the brand of the company that would help it to realise the market much more easily. Secondly, there is also a technological supremacy that would help the company to market much better than the rest of the competition. However, it needs to look at the new set of customers differently and also approach them in a different method. In order to realise the overall objectives listed above the following three jobs need to be executed. 1. Appropriate stocking of the finished boats should be present for immediate selling. 2. Since the company has to sell larger numbers, they need to deal through a set of distributors. 3. Competition has to be studied well and continuously monitored to fix an appropriate pricing policy and customer satisfaction policies. These three objectives are discussed in detail below. Promotional Strategy The company has to ensure that the 'right' quantity of boats and yachts are maintained in stock. This will enable the company to dispatch or supply boats on demand and meet the customer requirements immediately. The stocks have to be planned in contrast to the original pull style production system that they had. They need to move over to the push style system that would expect the company to

Sunday, February 2, 2020

African-American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

African-American History - Essay Example Larsen, in her novel attempts to sketch out the Reconstruction Era through the portrayal of the two different, light skinned American African Women, Clare Kendry and Irene Redfield. Clare and Irene were childhood friends who get together after a long time sharing their bitter experiences of being born as Negroes, denied of basic rights, try to find out comfort and consolation each other. Clare and Irene were born in mixed ancestries with light skinned complexion which later adversely affecting the free flow of their life and arise the question of existence in them. The novel raises many questions on various themes like identity crisis, race, lies, sexuality and jealousy. While reading through the novel, the readers understand that the novel obviously reflecting the views of the young African Americans who are wedged with their light skinned complexion and are searching for their lost identity. The era of Reconstruction was notable for the imminent changes it brought out in the percep tions of people, especially their perception to slavery and black people. The novel mainly focuses on the ‘passing’ of the members of one class to that of the other by the illusion that this ‘pass’ will bring tremendous changes to their life and social status. The story of the novel moves on through two female characters—Clare Kendy and Irene Redfield. The novel begins with Irene reading the letter of her childhood friend, Clare. The reading of the letter enables the readers to understand the character of Clare, when Irene recollects thus; â€Å"There had been, even in those days, nothing sacrificial in Clare Kendry’s idea of life, no allegiance beyond her own immediate desire (Larsen 2).† These words clearly express the attitude of the African American people who were totally dejected and depressed after the Civil War. Irene adds that Clare was selfish, and cold, and hard. But even then she had kept with her a strange capacity of transforming warmth and

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Fact of Blackness by Frantz Fanon :: personal response essay

â€Å"The Fact of Blackness† by Frantz Fanon   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article was an eye opener. After Fanon got away from the huge mind boggling words, I kind of felt for an extremely short second what it actually felt to be a black man. I myself am a unique mixture of races and I was fortunate to have grown up in such a way that I experienced my two main cultures vividly. I can laugh with George Lopez, and feel the pain, anguish, and laughter that are associated with a Mexican American heritage. The same goes for Larry the Cable Guy, I can laugh at what he says in his stand comedy routine, because I can relate with my Anglo culture. Going back to how Fanon explains his anguish of being labeled, it’s understandable, I’ve been there, but unlike Fanon, I learned to how to run with racial comments. However, I’m not black and cannot relate to his culture, or how bad for his time it must have been for an average black male.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I start with saying blah. I cannot in my mind imagine what it was for Fanon growing up, but he never embraces love for who his is. The racial slurs and dehumanization is in my opinion not reason enough to write hatred for what you are born into. Not once does he state philosophy on why it’s ok to be what he is. Instead he places himself into an â€Å"infernal circle† that he is embraced by white people in spite that he is black, but when he has an enemy they claim that it is so not because he is a black man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My own experiences tell me that every bit of what he says is true. I work at an inner city Walgreen’s, and I’m told to watch certain people because they look suspicious, when in fact the only crime they commit is being a minority. I’m sometimes told to not spend too much time on a Mexican customer, because they don’t contribute enough money to our store, and to focus on our money crazed white customers, who never get questioned opening up products. I used to get stopped In Walgreen’s when I was a freshman in High School. I had to leave my back pack at the door and only one of my companions could come with me at a time. However, I would see plain as day, white students walking in the store at leisure with their book bags on.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest Final Scene Essay

In the final scene of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Chief Bromden is the main character. The only two characters in this scene are Bromden and McMurphy, and even though McMurphy would be considered the main character of the entire film, Bromden is the main character of this scene because he has the strongest desire. In fact, in this one scene, Bromden has many desires that to him, are life or death. Initially, after hearing rumours of McMurphy’s escape, when McMurphy returns to his bed, Bromden thinks that he has returned in order to escape with him. At this point, Bromden’s desire is simply to escape the ward. He then realizes that McMurphy has not returned to escape, but that he has actually been lobotomized. When he sees this, he smothers McMurphy to death, knowing that McMurphy would not want to live like this, or have the others see him in this state. At this point in the scene, Bromden’s desire is to protect McMurphy’s pride. Once he fulfills this, he returns to his initial desire, as well as what used to be McMurphy’s desire to escape. He achieves this by using McMurphy’s escape plan; lifting the impossibly heavy hydrotherapy console and throwing it through the window. In doing this, Bromden not only achieves his own desire, but also completes the goal that McMurphy was unable to complete. Throughout the movie, Chief Bromden’s status quo is that he is inactive and lacks opinions and feelings. All of the other patients at the hospital think he is â€Å"deaf and dumb†. McMurphy is the only one to later discover that Bromden is neither deaf, nor mute. Before the tension in the final scene takes place, Bromden seems too passive and nonchalant to escape on his own, and he definitely seems much too harmless to murder anyone. In this scene, Bromden is forced to change when he sees that McMurphy has been lobotomized. His respect for McMurphy, and despair that he has been lobotomized and is no longer the powerful leader he used to be initiates the change in Bromden. Wanting McMurphy to die with honour, and having others remember him the way he was, Bromden finds the power to smother McMurphy to death. After McMurphy is dead, Bromden still has the initial desire of escaping. Before, he had been waiting for McMurphy to escape with him, because McMurphy was more intrepid and gallant than Bromden, and would be able to lead him. Now that McMurphy is unable to escape with him, Bromden is forced to find the courage to escape on his own. In this scene, the stakes are very high for Bromden. If he does not escape, he will have to live miserably in the mental institution for the rest of his life. The stakes are raised when he discovers that McMurphy has been lobotomized. Now, he takes on the responsibility to do what he knew McMurphy would want him to do- not allow him to live and be seen as a lobotomized vegetable. If Bromden does not succeed in killing McMurphy, Bromden will feel like he has let down and humiliated McMurphy. Once Bromden has smothered McMurphy, the stakes are once again raised as now not only does he have to escape because he doesn’t want to live in the hospital for the rest of his life, but he also has to leave because he has just murdered McMurphy, even though he did so out of respect. If he does not escape right away, he most likely will get in trouble for the murder of McMurphy (and probably get lobotomized himself) , he will have to spend his life in the miserable existence of the institution, and he will not have fulfilled McMurphy’s and his own desire to escape. The main conflict that takes place in this scene is the fact that Bromden has such a strong desire to escape with McMurphy, but when McMurphy is no longer able to escape, it becomes much more difficult to Bromden. The audience fears that upon discovering that McMurphy has been lobotomized, he will not be assertive enough to escape on his own. Until it is confirmed that McMurphy has been lobotomized, the audi ence hopes that the two of them will successfully escape together, but when it becomes clear that this will not happen, the audience wonders how Bromden will deal with this. He resolves the conflict by finding the courage to escape on his own. Another conflict in this scene is the fact that McMurphy, who is the most outspoken and powerful patient in the ward has been lobotomized. The fact that he basically no longer has a mind of his own not only gets in the way of Bromden’s desire, but will also destroy any optimism and faith that any of the other patients have. This is also a conflict for Bromden because he knows that McMurphy would be miserable if the old him were to see the lobotomized him, and Bromden does not want McMurphy to be shamed. Bromden deals with this conflict by killing McMurphy, that way none of the other patients will see him in this state, and McMurphy will not have to live this way for any longer. The main twist in this scene comes when McMurphy returns. Bromden is relieved because he thinks that McMurphy has returned to escape with him, but instead he has been lobotomized and no longer has any desire to escape. This comes as a shock to both Bromden, because it is the opposite of what he has expected, and also to the audience, because seeing McMurphy in the state of being lobotomized completely contrasts the character of McMurphy that the audience has come to know. The technique of juxtaposition makes this twist extremely effective. McMurphy is a character who is always active, energetic, powerful, and lively. He prides himself on his non-alignment, so the audience knows that to McMurphy, receiving a lobotomy is the worst thing that could possibly happen to him. Another technique used to make this twist so powerful is the uncertainty of both Bromden and the audience. First, when the other patients talk about how McMurphy has escaped, both Bromden and the audience believe that this plausibly occurred. When McMurphy is seen returning, acting lifeless, by now we know how manipulative and calculating McMurphy is, so the audience is unsure of whether McMurphy has actually been lobotomized, or if he is just pretending to be obedient so he can return, and then escape. We do not know for sure that McMurphy has actually been lobotomized until Bromden discovers the scars on his head. This provides a real shock because up until now, both Bromden and the audience was pretty sure that McMurphy was just faking it and the two of them would end up escaping together. A secondary twist in this scene is when Bromden suffocates McMurphy. Although Bromden did this with the best intention for McMurphy, it is still surprising to the audience, because no one could’ve pictured Bromden killing anyone, especially McMurphy who he has so much respect for. As mentioned above, Bromden has many strong desires throughout this scene. His main desire is to escape the ward. His secondary desire is to make sure that McMurphy dies with honour and does not have to live being the opposite of the lively, outspoken person he once was. He fulfills both of these desires, and even though he is unable to escape with McMurphy, which was his original intention, he still is able to escape on his own, and free himself from the mental institution. McMurphy, on the other hand, does not have much desire in this scene. Throughout the film, McMurphy has more desire than any other character; he wants to be in charge, he doesn’t want to do work, he wants to help and lead the other patients in the ward, he is a hedonist, who wants to please himself, and ultimately, his main desire is to escape. Despite all of this, by the last scene, he has been lobotomized, and therefore all of his desire has been drained. He is now a vegetable, who is unable to and has no will to escape with Bromden. His lack of desire makes Bromden’s desire even stronger, because McMurphy was the most passionate patient of them all, but now he is basically brain dead. This ignites Bromden’s desire to put an end to McMurphy’s now meaningless life, and it further motivates his desire to escape the hospital, because he sees how it is able to drain even the most passionate and spirited person.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

The History of the Freedom Riders Movement

In 1961, men and women from throughout the nation arrived in Washington, D.C., to end Jim Crow laws  on interstate travel by embarking on what were called â€Å"Freedom Rides.† On such rides, racially mixed activists traveled together throughout the Deep South—ignoring signs marked â€Å"For Whites† and â€Å"For Colored† in buses and bus terminals. The riders endured beatings and arson attempts from white supremacist mobs, but their struggles paid off when segregationist policies on interstate bus and rail lines were struck down. Despite these achievements, the Freedom Riders aren’t the household names like Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr., but they are civil rights heroes nonetheless. Both Parks and King would be heralded as heroes for their roles in ending segregated bus seating  in Montgomery, Ala.   How They Started In the 1960 case Boynton v. Virginia, the U.S. Supreme Court declared segregation in interstate bus and rail stations unconstitutional. Yet segregation on interstate bus and rail lines in the South persisted. The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), a civil rights group, sent seven blacks and six whites on two public buses headed for the South on May 4, 1961. The goal: to test the Supreme Court ruling on segregated interstate travel in the former Confederate states. For two weeks, the activists planned to flout Jim Crow laws by sitting on the front of buses and in â€Å"whites only† waiting rooms in bus terminals. â€Å"Boarding that Greyhound bus to travel to the Deep South, I felt good. I felt happy,† Rep. John Lewis recalled during a May 2011  appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show. Then a seminary student, Lewis would go on to become a U.S. congressman from Georgia. During the first few days of their trip, the mixed-race group of activists traveled largely without incident. They didn’t have security and didn’t need it—yet. But on May 12, Lewis, another black Freedom Rider and a white Freedom Rider named Albert Bigelow, were beaten when they tried to enter a whites-only waiting area Rock Hill, South Carolina. After arriving in Atlanta on May 13, they attended a reception hosted by the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. But the celebration took on a decidedly ominous tone when King alerted them that the Ku Klux Klan was organizing against them in Alabama. Despite King’s warning, the Freedom Riders did not change their course. As expected, when they reached Alabama, their journey took a turn for the worse. A Perilous Journey On the outskirts of Anniston, Alabama, members of a white supremacist mob showed just what they thought about the Freedom Riders by bashing in their bus and slashing its tires. To boot, the Alabama Klansmen set the bus on fire and blocked the exits to trap the Freedom Riders inside. It wasn’t until the bus’ fuel tank exploded that the mob dispersed and the Freedom Riders were able to escape. After a similar mob attacked the Freedom Riders in Birmingham, the U.S. Justice Department stepped in and evacuated the activists to their destination of New Orleans, averting more potential injury. The Second Wave Due to the amount of violence inflicted on Freedom Riders, the leaders of CORE were faced either with abandoning the Freedom Rides or continuing to send activists into harm’s way. Ultimately, CORE officials decided to send more volunteers on the rides. Diane Nash, an activist who helped to organize Freedom Rides, explained  to Oprah Winfrey: â€Å"It was clear to me that if we allowed the Freedom Ride to stop at that point, just after so much violence had been inflicted, the message would have been sent that all you have to do to stop a nonviolent campaign is inflict massive violence.† On the second wave of rides, activists journeyed from Birmingham to Montgomery, Alabama in relative peace. Once the activists reached Montgomery, though, a mob of more than 1,000 attacked them. Later, in Mississippi, Freedom Riders were arrested for entering a whites-only waiting room in a Jackson bus terminal. For this act of defiance, authorities arrested the Freedom Riders, housing them in one of Mississippi’s most notorious correctional facilities—Parchman State Prison Farm. â€Å"The reputation of Parchman is that it’s a place that a lot of people get sent ... and don’t come back,† former Freedom Rider Carol Ruth told Winfrey. During the summer of 1961, 300 Freedom Riders were imprisoned there. Inspiration Then and Now The struggles of the Freedom Riders garnered nationwide publicity. Rather than intimidate other activists, however, the brutality the riders encountered inspired others to take up the cause. Before long, dozens of Americans were volunteering to travel on Freedom Rides. In the end, an estimated 436 people took such rides. The efforts of the Freedom Riders were finally rewarded when the Interstate Commerce Commission decided on Sept. 22, 1961, to ban segregation in interstate travel. Today, the contributions the Freedom Riders made to civil rights are the subject of a PBS documentary called Freedom Riders. In 2011, 40 students commemorated the Freedom Rides of 50 years before by boarding buses that retraced the journey of the first set of Freedom Riders.