The philosophy of probation has changed over the past...

The philosophy of probation has changed over the past several years. Originally, probation officers were considered social worker, able to focus on the individual offender, rather than statutory schemes of the legal system. This ideology aligned with the indeterminate sentencing structure that acknowledged individualization of the offender. However, today probation officers have been coined â€Å"the guardian of the guidelines† (Bunzel, 1995, para 2). Under this new philosophy, probation is a facilitator of the net-widening scheme that addresses governments’ main concerns of correctional facility overcrowding and high expenditures. The offender and the utilitarian motive fall second to the goals of net widening scheme. This has made the†¦show more content†¦However, with crime rates increasing aligning with the Martinson’s â€Å"nothing works doctrine,† the ideas of forced rehabilitation, and noted sentencing disparity created the judicial f orm of sentencing. The public’s trust was lost in the justice system. New sentencing practices were urged. This marked the birth of determinate sentences. The legislative form of sentencing removed judges discretions over offenders individualized needs and created a uniformed approach to crime. The use of presumptive sentences and mandatory sentences that set a â€Å"fixed† term of incarceration or punishment replaced the use of indeterminate sentencing practices. The certainty of punishment was to work to deter and prevent crime. With the increase of drug crimes and drug use during the 1980s, sentencing policies enacted harsher penalties for crime, especially drug related offenses and crimes. If certainty of punishment did not deter crime, then severity of punish would at least work to control crime. â€Å"Nearly every state and the federal government enacted much harsher mandatory minimum sentence laws in the 1980s for drug, violent, and sexual offences a nd for chronic or career offender† (Tonry, 2013, p 468). The war on drugs quickly became a war against criminals. Correctional facilities populace and expenditures reach tipping points, opening correctional facilities up to expensive, lengthy ligation process, and operational consequencesShow MoreRelatedEssay on History of Corrections1749 Words   |  7 Pageswas back in 1682; the â€Å"Great Law† was based on humane principals and also focused on hard labor as a punishment. The corrections system really began to take hold in North America in the late 1700’s with the idea’s and philosophy of Beccaria, Bentham, and Howard. 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